The purpose of this NOSI is to stimulate research focused on cell-type-specific signatures of mitochondrial behavior in healthy and diseased lungs. Multidisciplinary collaboration among experts in recently developed technologies, such as iPS cell and lung progenitor/organoid culture systems, advanced single cell-and “-omic” technologies, and lung cell biology is encouraged. We encourage investigators to Utilization oflung cells from human donors and animal models with respiratory diseases and/or well-defined congenital mitochondrial diseases is also encouraged.