The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support observational or intervention research focused on reducing disparities in tobacco use and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the U.S. Specifically, this FOA aims to stimulate scientific inquiry focused on innovative state and local level tobacco prevention and control policies. The long-term goal of this FOA is to reduce disparities in tobacco-related cancers, and in doing so, to promote health equity among all populations. Applicants submitting applications related to health economics are encouraged to consult NOT-OD-16-025 to ensure that the research projects align with NIH mission priorities in health economics research.