The purpose of this notice of funding opportunity (NOFO) is to support research that 1) defines associations between variations in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genetic regions and immune-mediated diseases, 2) elucidates mechanisms underlying these associations with the goal of advancing therapeutic opportunities, and/or 3) validates association data in order to improve the predictive power of clinical disease screening. This NOFO requires a Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives (PEDP), which will be assessed as part of the scientific and technical peer review evaluation. Applications that fail to include a PEDP will be considered incomplete and will be withdrawn. Applicants are strongly encouraged to read the NOFO instructions carefully and view the available PEDP guidance material.